The parking brake might seem like a simple, secondary feature in your vehicle, but it plays a vital role in keeping your car secure and stable. While most drivers may only use it when parked on a steep hill, this mechanical backup system is essential in preventing vehicle rollaways and can even be a lifesaver if the primary brakes fail. This guide explains everything you need to know about parking brakes — how they work, the types available, when to use them, and maintenance tips to keep them functioning properly.
What Is a Parking Brake?
A parking brake, or emergency brake, is a mechanical system designed to keep your vehicle from moving when parked. Unlike the primary braking system, which uses hydraulic pressure, the parking brake operates through a series of cables connected to the rear wheels. Because it doesn’t rely on hydraulics or electrical power, the parking brake can still function even if your vehicle’s main braking system fails.
Though it is primarily used to keep a parked vehicle stationary, the parking brake can be deployed in emergencies to help stop a moving car. However, using it this way requires caution to avoid losing control.
Types of Parking Brakes
There are four main types of parking brakes, each with distinct mechanisms and methods of operation. These types have evolved over the years, adapting to different vehicle designs and technological advancements.
1. Center Lever
- Description: The center lever is the most common type found in modern vehicles. It’s a large, hand-operated lever located between the driver and front passenger seats.
- Operation: To engage, push the button on the lever and pull it up. To disengage, press the button and push the lever back down to its original position.
2. Pedal Parking Brake
- Description: This type of brake is usually found on the far left of the driver’s side footwell, separate from the primary brake and gas pedals.
- Operation: Push the pedal down with your foot to engage the brake. To release it, use a nearby lever or handle.
3. Stick Lever
- Description: Found in older-model vehicles, the stick lever is typically located under the dashboard or steering wheel.
- Operation: Push or pull the lever to engage or disengage the brake.
4. Electric Parking Brake
- Description: Common in newer vehicles, hybrids, and electric cars, the electric parking brake is activated by a button on the center console.
- Operation: Press the button to engage or release the brake. A dashboard indicator light will show when the brake is engaged.
How Does the Parking Brake Work?
The parking brake operates through a simple yet reliable mechanical system. Unlike the primary braking system, which uses hydraulic fluid to apply pressure to the brake pads or shoes, the parking brake relies on steel cables to apply mechanical force to the rear wheels. Here’s how it works, depending on the type of braking system your vehicle has:
Drum Brakes
In vehicles with drum brakes, the braking components are housed within a drum attached to the rear wheels. When you engage the parking brake:
- The cable connected to the brake shoes pulls them against the inner surface of the drum.
- The friction created by the brake shoes against the drum keeps the wheels from turning.
Drum brakes are more common in older vehicles and some budget-friendly models.
Disc Brakes
In vehicles with disc brakes, braking occurs via a rotor (disc) and brake pads. There are two configurations for the parking brake in disc brake systems:
- Drum-in-Rotor Setup:
- Some disc brake systems have a small drum integrated within the rear brake rotors. When you engage the parking brake, the cable pulls the brake shoes inside the drum, locking the wheels.
- Caliper Piston Setup:
- In some vehicles, especially those with four-wheel drive, the parking brake cable is connected to the caliper piston. When engaged, the cable forces the piston to press the brake pads against the rotor, holding the wheels in place.
When to Use the Parking Brake
1. When Parking Your Vehicle
Always use the parking brake when parking, regardless of the incline or road conditions. This habit helps prevent vehicle rollaways and reduces strain on the transmission.
- Automatic Transmission: Although automatic cars have a parking pawl (a pin that locks the transmission), relying solely on it can cause wear and tear. Engaging the parking brake provides additional security.
- Manual Transmission: Manual vehicles lack a parking pawl, so the parking brake is essential to prevent the car from rolling.
2. Parking on an Incline
When parking on a slope, the parking brake adds an extra layer of protection. For added security, turn your wheels toward the curb when parking downhill or away from the curb when parking uphill.
3. Emergency Situations
If your primary brakes fail while driving, the parking brake can be used as a last resort to stop the vehicle. Important Safety Note:
- Apply Gradually: Do not yank the lever or stomp on the pedal abruptly, as this can cause the rear wheels to lock up, leading to a loss of control. Apply the parking brake gradually to bring the vehicle to a controlled stop.
Maintenance and Tips for Parking Brake Use
1. Regular Use
Engage the parking brake regularly to keep the cables from corroding or seizing. Infrequent use can cause the cables to get stuck, making the brake unreliable when you need it most.
2. Disengage Before Driving
Always ensure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving. Driving with the parking brake engaged can damage the brake components, rotors, and transmission.
3. Inspections
Have your parking brake inspected during routine vehicle maintenance. A mechanic can check for frayed cables, worn brake components, or corrosion.
Why should I use the parking brake if I have an automatic transmission?
Using the parking brake reduces strain on the transmission’s parking pawl. Relying solely on the pawl can lead to wear and expensive repairs.
Can I drive with the parking brake on?
Driving with the parking brake engaged can cause overheating, damage to brake components, and excessive wear on the transmission. Always check that the brake is disengaged before driving.
How often should I use the parking brake?
Use the parking brake every time you park. Regular use prevents the cables from seizing and ensures the system remains functional.
Is the parking brake the same as the emergency brake?
Yes, the terms “parking brake” and “emergency brake” refer to the same system. The brake serves both as a parking aid and as a backup in emergencies.
Can the parking brake fail?
Yes, if the cables become corroded or frayed, the parking brake can fail. Regular maintenance and inspections help ensure it remains in good working order.
How do I know if my parking brake needs repair?
Signs of a malfunctioning parking brake include a loose lever or pedal, difficulty engaging or disengaging the brake, and the vehicle rolling even when the brake is engaged.
What should I do if my primary brakes fail while driving?
If your main brakes fail, gradually apply the parking brake to slow the vehicle. Avoid abrupt actions that could lock the rear wheels and cause a loss of control.
Does using the parking brake prevent theft?
Engaging the parking brake can make it harder for thieves to tow or roll the car away. While not a foolproof method, it adds an extra layer of deterrence.
Can cold weather affect the parking brake?
In freezing temperatures, moisture can cause the cables to freeze. To avoid this, use the parking brake regularly and ensure it’s disengaged before driving.
